Si Pierre BLANC SAHNOUN parle de plus vieux métier du monde, c’est parce qu’en “père“ du coaching narratif à la française, il évoque “…une pratique ancestrale et naturelle“. Ceci nous renvoie aux origines antiques du coaching avec la Maïeutique de SOCRATE (Vème siècle avant J.C.). Le philosophe utilise l’art du questionnement pour faire “accoucher“* les esprits afin que chacun puisse trouver, en lui-même, sa propre vérité à travers ses réponses.
Plus récemment, s’il prend ses racines dans son expression sportive au cours de la première moitié du XXème siècle, c’est plutôt vers la seconde partie de celui-ci qu’une vision théorique de la pratique de coaching se développe sous le prisme des sciences humaines. En effet la psychologie et la philosophie notamment, à travers leurs travaux autour de la motivation et du développement personnel semblent constituer les bases de cette discipline. A cette époque-là, pas de base de réflexion spécifique au coaching, les premiers coachs s’appuient sur les auteurs de ces autres disciplines des sciences humaines.
Le coaching cesse de n’être que sportif et infiltre le monde de l’entreprise pour ne plus le quitter. Tout d’abord aux Etats-Unis, puis assez rapidement en Europe et donc en France.
À la fin des années 80, début des années 90, il entre dans sa phase de structuration (création des premières fédérations) et de reconnaissance (commençant à être intégré au monde de l’entreprise). Avec le nouveau millénaire, le coaching se démocratise, se diversifie (ramifications : coaching de vie, de carrière, de santé, scolaire, de couple…), fait parler de lui, aidé en cela par l’explosion de l’accès au numérique. A partir des années 2010, on parle d’une phase de maturité et de professionnalisation (formations, certifications…) qui le met sur le devant de la scène pour accompagner les enjeux sociaux et économiques de la période que nous avons évoqués plus haut. Il est devenu un secteur d’activité dynamique (veille active scientifique et technologique) et porteur.
Le coach professionnel travaille principalement sur trois dimensions qui sont :
- Le coaching individuel.
- Le coaching d’équipe (ou collectif).
- Le coaching d’organisation.
*la racine grecque du mot “maïeutique“ = sage-femme.
27 réponses à “Histoire du coaching.”
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